Hand Planes

By Tom B

August 18, 2025

About this collection

Ask me anything about hand planes! What type of plane do you use for initial board smoothing? What's the difference between western and Japanese planes? Are vintage planes really all that? And tell me about the fabled Stanley 55!

Curated Sources

The Stanley No. 55: King of Combination Planes | Woodcraft

The Stanley No. 55 is a versatile handplane produced from 1899 to 1962, capable of cutting various molding profiles using interchangeable cutters. It was designed to replace wooden molding planes but was eventually supplanted by electric routers. The plane requires skill and technique to use effectively, including proper cutter support, sharp cutters, and correct handling. The article provides guidance on using the Stanley No. 55, making custom cutters, and sharpening techniques. It highlights the tool's efficiency for small quantities of molding and its unique characteristics compared to other handplanes and power tools.

Key Takeaways

The Stanley No. 55 requires precise technique and setup to use effectively, including proper support for the cutter and careful adjustment of depth stops and fences.
Making custom cutters is a viable option for matching specific molding profiles, using unhardened tool steel and a process of tracing, cutting, and sharpening.
The tool's versatility and quiet operation make it preferable for small-scale molding work compared to power tools like routers, despite requiring more skill and effort.

The Superior Works - Patrick's Blood & Gore: Plane #45

The document provides a detailed analysis of Stanley's #45 combination plane, including its history, design, functionality, and various models produced from 1884 to 1962. It discusses the plane's versatility with different cutters and accessories, user experiences, and the evolution of its design over time. The #45 was popular for its ability to perform multiple tasks such as grooving, rabbeting, and molding. The document also touches on the #A45, an aluminum version of the #45 produced from 1926 to 1934, and provides insights into the collectibility and condition assessment of these vintage tools.

Key Takeaways

The Stanley #45 combination plane was highly versatile and popular among woodworkers for its ability to perform various tasks with different cutters and accessories.
Despite its utility, the #45 had drawbacks such as being temperamental and prone to tearout, especially when compared to the wooden planes it replaced.
The document highlights the evolution of the #45's design, including changes in finish, materials, and features over its production run from 1884 to 1962.
The #A45, an aluminum version of the #45, was produced from 1926 to 1934 but was less popular and is now considered rare and challenging to maintain due to the properties of aluminum.
Collectors and users should be aware of the various models, their specific features, and the condition issues related to these vintage tools to appreciate their value and functionality.

The Superior Works - Patrick's Blood & Gore: Planes #55 - #57

The document provides a detailed analysis of three Stanley combination planes: #55 Universal Combination Plane, #55 Core box plane, and #57 Core box plane. The #55 is a complex tool introduced in 1897, capable of performing various molding tasks but is temperamental and requires significant setup. It comes with 52 cutters and was later offered with 55 cutters. The #56 and #57 are core box planes designed for patternmaking, used to plane semicircles. The #56 is scarcer and can cut semicircles up to 2" in diameter, while the #57 can cut larger semicircles up to 2 1/2" and comes with extensions to increase its capacity. The document discusses the design, features, and usage of each plane, as well as their historical context and collector's value.

Key Takeaways

The #55 Universal Combination Plane is a versatile but temperamental tool that requires significant setup and skill to use effectively.
The #56 and #57 core box planes are specialized tools designed for patternmaking, with the #57 being more versatile due to its extensions.
The condition and originality of these planes, including the presence of original parts and packaging, significantly impact their value to collectors.

The Weirdest Handplane I've Ever Used - FineWoodworking

The article discusses the Stanley No. 55 universal plane, a versatile hand tool manufactured between 1897 and 1962. The author shares their experience with the tool, including its capabilities, setup, and use for tasks such as planing beads and creating tongue and groove joints. The tool comes with 55 different irons and various accessories, making it suitable for reproducing complex moldings. The author provides tips on sharpening irons, adjusting the skates, and using the fence for precise cuts. Despite its complexity, the No. 55 is praised for its functionality and historical significance.

Key Takeaways

The Stanley No. 55 is a highly versatile tool capable of performing various tasks beyond simple planing, including creating complex moldings and joinery.
Proper setup and maintenance, such as sharpening irons and waxing bearing surfaces, are crucial for effective use of the No. 55.
The tool requires a gentle touch and understanding of its mechanics to avoid tearout and achieve precise results.

Hand Plane Basics | Samuel Colchamiro

The article 'Hand Plane Basics' by Samuel Colchamiro provides a comprehensive guide for beginners on using hand planes effectively in woodworking. It covers the Stanley numbering system for different-sized planes, explaining their specific uses such as smoothing, jacking, and jointing. The author recommends starting with a Number 4 or 4-1/2 plane due to its versatility and ease of use. The article delves into the mechanics of adjusting a hand plane, including the lateral and depth adjusters, and emphasizes the importance of planing with the grain to avoid tear-out. It also touches on sharpening techniques, suggesting the use of a honing guide and varying the sharpening angle based on the type of wood being worked on. The author shares practical tips and insights gained from personal experience, making the article a valuable resource for both novice and experienced woodworkers looking to improve their hand plane skills.

Key Takeaways

The Number 4 or 4-1/2 hand plane is recommended for beginners due to its all-around utility and manageable size.
Understanding grain direction is crucial for effective planing and avoiding tear-out.
Sharpening the plane blade to the correct angle, typically between 25 to 30 degrees, significantly impacts performance.
The article highlights the importance of adjusting the plane correctly, using both lateral and depth adjusters to achieve optimal results.
For those working with rough lumber, having a set of planes including a jack, jointer, and smoother is necessary for dimensioning and smoothing wood surfaces.

Grooving plane - Wikipedia

A grooving plane, also known as a plow plane or plough plane, is a specialized woodworking tool used to create grooves and small rabbets in wood. Traditionally, it is used for making drawer bottoms or rear walls. The tool is designed to make precise cuts, and some metal versions are capable of creating small rabbets in addition to grooves. The Stanley 55 combination plane is an example of a versatile tool that can function as a plow plane. The use of grooving planes is documented in historical contexts, with references to their design and development found in literature from the 18th and 19th centuries.

Key Takeaways

The grooving plane is a specialized tool with a specific application in woodworking, primarily for creating grooves and small rabbets.
The tool's versatility is highlighted by the Stanley 55 combination plane, which can act as a plow plane among other functions.
The historical context of grooving planes is well-documented, with literature tracing their design and development over time, indicating their significance in traditional woodworking practices.

Master Hand Planes for Perfect Woodworking Results

This document provides an introduction to hand planes, essential tools in woodworking used for shaping, smoothing, and flattening wood surfaces. It covers the anatomy of a hand plane, including components like the body, blade, cap iron, lever cap, frog, sole, and mouth. The document also discusses various types of hand planes such as bench planes (jack, smoothing, and jointer planes), block planes, and specialty planes (rabbet, shoulder, router, and plough/combination planes). It offers guidance on using a hand plane, including setup, technique, and maintenance, and provides tips for beginners, emphasizing the importance of a sharp blade and proper technique for achieving high-quality results in woodworking projects.

Key Takeaways

The effectiveness of a hand plane is heavily dependent on its setup and maintenance, particularly keeping the blade sharp and adjusting it correctly for the task at hand.
Different types of hand planes are designed for specific tasks, ranging from rough work and flattening to final smoothing and specialized tasks like cutting rabbets or trimming tenons.
Mastering the technique of using a hand plane, including applying even pressure and adjusting the depth of cut, is crucial for achieving precise and smooth wood surfaces.
Investing in a good-quality hand plane and practicing on scrap wood can significantly enhance one's woodworking skills and the quality of the finished projects.

New Planes vs. Vintage Planes | Virginia Toolworks

The article discusses the pros and cons of buying new versus vintage hand planes for woodworking. It highlights that while modern high-end planes from manufacturers like Lie Nielsen and Veritas offer excellent quality, they are expensive. In contrast, vintage planes from companies like Stanley, Sargent, and Union, particularly those made between 1910 and 1940, are often of superior quality to modern budget options and can be found at lower prices. The article emphasizes that both new and vintage planes require tuning and sharpening before use. It suggests that for beginners or those on a budget, vintage planes can be a cost-effective option that also provides an opportunity to learn about tool mechanics and restoration.

Key Takeaways

Vintage hand planes from renowned manufacturers can offer better quality than modern budget options at a lower price.
Both new and vintage planes require tuning and sharpening before they can be used effectively.
Investing in vintage planes can be a cost-effective way for beginners to acquire high-quality tools while learning about their mechanics and restoration.

The Great Debate: New vs Old Hand Planes - Woodworking - Axminster Tools Community Forum

The discussion revolves around whether to invest in new high-quality hand planes from brands like Lie Nielsen or Veritas, or to purchase older Stanley planes and restore them. Participants share their experiences with both new and old planes, discussing the pros and cons of each option. Some users argue that old, well-maintained planes can be just as effective as new, expensive ones, while others suggest that new planes from reputable manufacturers offer better performance and durability. The conversation also touches on the importance of tool maintenance, fettling, and the value of patience and skill in making older tools functional. Various budget-friendly alternatives are also suggested for those who cannot afford high-end tools.

Key Takeaways

The value of older hand planes lies in their quality and the potential for restoration, making them a cost-effective option for woodworkers on a budget.
New high-end hand planes from manufacturers like Lie Nielsen and Veritas offer superior performance and durability but come at a significantly higher cost.
The decision between new and old hand planes depends on the individual's budget, skill level, and willingness to invest time in tool maintenance and restoration.
Budget-friendly alternatives from brands like Peter Sefton and Matt Platt offer reliable performance straight out of the box, providing a middle ground for woodworkers.
The process of restoring and fettling older planes not only makes them functional but also adds value to the woodworker's skillset and understanding of tool mechanics.

Stanley Vintage vs Stanley “knock Offs” Reproduction Modern Planes – Journeyman's Journal

The article compares vintage Stanley planes with modern reproductions, examining their quality, craftsmanship, and value. It analyzes three vintage planes available on eBay, highlighting their restoration quality and pricing. The author also reviews modern reproductions from Lie Nielsen, Luban, and Woodriver, discussing their features, pricing, and preparation requirements. The article concludes by discussing the advantages and disadvantages of vintage versus modern planes, including factors such as craftsmanship, durability, and cost.

Key Takeaways

Vintage Stanley planes require significant refurbishment before use, including flattening the sole and preparing the blade.
Modern reproductions from manufacturers like Lie Nielsen and Woodriver offer high-quality alternatives to vintage planes, with some requiring additional tuning.
The choice between vintage and modern planes depends on factors such as budget, desired level of craftsmanship, and personal preference for restoration work.
Experienced woodworkers value the craftsmanship and durability of pre-WWII vintage planes, while modern reproductions offer convenience and consistency.

Hand planer - new or old? : woodworking

The r/Woodworking subreddit community discusses the merits of new versus old hand planers, with users sharing their experiences and advice on purchasing and restoring hand planes. The conversation highlights the differences between modern and vintage Stanley planes, with many users recommending older models for their quality and durability. Users also discuss the challenges of restoring old planes and the importance of proper tuning and sharpening. The discussion includes recommendations for alternative brands such as Lie-Nielsen, Veritas, and Wood River, and tips for beginners on how to get started with hand planes.

Key Takeaways

The quality of modern Stanley hand planes is generally considered inferior to their vintage counterparts, with many users recommending older models for serious woodworking.
Restoring vintage hand planes can be a cost-effective way to acquire high-quality tools, but requires knowledge and skill to do properly.
For those new to hand planing, investing in a high-end new plane from brands like Lie-Nielsen or Veritas may be a better option than purchasing a low-quality new Stanley plane.

Vintage vs high end new planes : handtools

The discussion revolves around the comparison between vintage hand planes and modern high-end planes in terms of performance, usability, and value. Users share their experiences with different brands such as Lie-Nielsen, Stanley, and Lee Valley, discussing factors like fit and finish, tuning requirements, and personal preferences. Some users prefer vintage planes for their character and feel, while others appreciate the precision and ease of use offered by modern high-end planes. The debate highlights that the choice between vintage and new planes often comes down to individual preferences, specific needs, and the type of projects undertaken.

Key Takeaways

The decision between vintage and high-end hand planes depends on personal preference, with some users valuing the character and feel of vintage tools, while others prefer the precision of modern planes.
Modern high-end planes like those from Lie-Nielsen offer improved fit and finish and require less tuning, but may lack the unique character of vintage planes.
Vintage planes can be highly effective when properly tuned and maintained, with some users achieving excellent results with restored Stanley planes.
Specialty planes, such as router planes, may benefit from modern designs and features, offering improved performance and ease of use.
Ultimately, the choice between vintage and high-end planes should be based on the specific needs of the user and the type of projects they undertake.

Traditional Chinese Woodworking Tools

The document explores the history and development of traditional Chinese woodworking tools and techniques, highlighting their significance in Chinese classical literature and their evolution over time. It discusses the various tools used in Chinese carpentry, including design and measuring tools, hammer tools, rough surfacing tools, surface refining tools, chisels, saws, boring and piercing tools, abrasive finishing tools, and maintenance tools. The document also examines the impact of technological innovations, such as the development of metallurgy and iron production, on the evolution of these tools. Additionally, it touches on the cultural and cosmological significance of certain tools and techniques, as well as the role of master craftsmen and the transmission of their skills.

Key Takeaways

The evolution of Chinese woodworking tools reflects the country's technological advancements and cultural influences, with significant developments during the Shang dynasty, Warring States period, and Song dynasty.
Traditional Chinese carpentry techniques, such as quartering timbers with wedges and surfacing with adzes and paring knives, remained relatively unchanged for thousands of years, with changes driven by timber shortages and new architectural demands.
The study of traditional Chinese woodworking tools and techniques provides valuable insights into the craftsmanship and cultural context of Chinese furniture-making and architecture, allowing for a deeper understanding of the historical development of these art forms.

Basic Hand-Plane Building — rexkrueger.com

The article discusses the process of building a basic hand plane for woodworking, highlighting its importance for craftsmen who lack access to high-quality planes. The author shares their experience of restoring vintage Stanley planes and explains that making a plane is not difficult, requiring minimal materials such as a plane iron, hardwood, and a cross-pin. The iron can be purchased or made from steel. The author emphasizes that having the right tools is crucial, particularly for cutting and shaping the plane's bed at a 45-degree angle. The process involves basic woodworking skills and tools, and even a poorly made plane can be useful for heavy stock removal. The article encourages readers to try making a plane, as it provides a better understanding of how planes work and allows for the creation of specialty planes for various woodworking tasks.

Key Takeaways

Making a basic hand plane is an accessible project for woodworkers, requiring minimal specialized tools and materials.
The process of building a plane provides a deeper understanding of its mechanics and helps craftsmen appreciate the characteristics of a well-made plane.
Creating a plane allows woodworkers to produce specialty planes tailored to specific tasks, such as working with curved surfaces or making grooves and rebates.
Even a poorly made plane can still be functional for certain tasks, such as heavy stock removal, making the project a low-risk endeavor.
The ability to make a plane is particularly valuable for craftsmen in regions where high-quality planes are scarce or expensive.

Get to Know Japanese Handplanes - FineWoodworking

This article provides an introduction to using Japanese handplanes, also known as kanna, in woodworking. It covers their unique characteristics, such as cutting on the pull stroke and having a massive, tapered blade that can be sharpened to an unmatched edge. The author shares their experience of learning to use these planes and provides guidance on setting them up, sharpening, and using them correctly. The article highlights the benefits of using Japanese handplanes, including their ability to leave a shimmering surface on wood. It also discusses the importance of adjusting the blade and chip-breaker to achieve optimal performance. The guide is aimed at woodworkers interested in exploring traditional Japanese woodworking techniques and tools.

Key Takeaways

Japanese handplanes offer unparalleled sharpness and surface quality due to their laminated blades with superhard steel edges.
The pull stroke cutting action of Japanese planes requires adaptation but provides more power and control.
Proper setup and adjustment of the blade and chip-breaker are crucial for optimal performance and to minimize tearout.
The unique design of Japanese handplanes allows for customization through adjustable bedding angles and blade settings.

How to Choose a Japanese Hand Plane: The Kakuri Difference – Kakuri Sangyo

This document from Kakuri Sangyo provides a comprehensive guide on choosing Japanese hand planes, comparing them to Western and electric planes, and detailing various types of planes available. It explains the benefits of Japanese hand planes, such as their sharpness and versatility, and discusses the importance of the wooden body in plane performance. The guide also covers different types of planes, including flat planes, chamfer planes, and rabbet planes, highlighting their specific uses and advantages. Kakuri Sangyo is presented as a source for high-quality, affordable Japanese hand planes designed for both beginners and experienced woodworkers.

Key Takeaways

Japanese hand planes offer superior sharpness and finish quality compared to Western planes, making them ideal for woodworking tasks requiring precision.
The wooden body of Japanese planes, while requiring adjustment to humidity changes, allows for a smooth cutting surface that is hard to achieve with other tools.
Kakuri Sangyo's planes are designed to be accessible to beginners while maintaining high quality, with features like double-blade construction to minimize tear-out.
Different types of Japanese hand planes serve specific purposes, such as flat planes for general use, chamfer planes for beveling, and rabbet planes for cutting grooves.
Mastering Japanese hand planes can significantly improve work efficiency and quality in woodworking projects, despite requiring initial practice to adjust and maintain them.

Japanese Handplanes – Part 1: East Vs. West – Covington & Sons Tools

The article compares Japanese handplanes (hiraganna) with Western steel-bodied handplanes, discussing their design principles, advantages, and disadvantages. Japanese handplanes are made from wood and have hand-forged blades, offering simplicity, lighter weight, and a smoother finish. Western planes, particularly Bailey-pattern steel-bodied planes, are more durable and resistant to humidity changes but can be heavier and more complex. The author, having experience with both types, provides an unbiased comparison, highlighting the unique benefits of each. The article also touches on the history and terminology of Japanese handplanes and discusses specific Western planes like scrub planes, block planes, and jointer planes that excel in certain tasks.

Key Takeaways

Japanese handplanes offer a simpler design with fewer components and no mechanical linkages, making them more intuitive to adjust.
The hand-forged blades of Japanese planes are sharper and stay sharper longer compared to modern Western plane blades.
Western Bailey-pattern steel-bodied planes have advantages like durability and resistance to warping, making them suitable for heavy-duty tasks.
The choice between Japanese and Western handplanes depends on the specific task, with Japanese planes exceling in finish work and Western planes in heavy-duty tasks like dimensioning lumber.
The author advocates for using the right tool for the job, suggesting that both Japanese and Western handplanes have their place in a woodworker's toolkit.

Japanese Hand Planes

This article from WOOD magazine introduces Japanese hand planes (kanna), explaining their unique characteristics, benefits, and setup process. Japanese planes cut on the pull stroke and are classified by blade width rather than sole size. The article details the construction of Japanese planes, including the laminated steel blades forged by skilled blacksmiths and the hardwood dai. It also provides a step-by-step guide on fitting and fettling a new Japanese hand plane, including sharpening the blade, adjusting the mouth of the dai, and fitting the chip breaker. The process involves flattening and polishing the blade's back, adjusting the blade's depth and lateral position, and ensuring a tight fit between the blade and chip breaker. The article highlights the rewards of mastering Japanese hand planes, including a smoother finish and a more intimate connection with the workpiece.

Key Takeaways

The unique design and construction of Japanese hand planes offer woodworkers a smoother finish and more tactile feedback compared to Western planes.
Mastering the setup process for Japanese hand planes, although initially time-consuming, becomes second nature and rewards woodworkers with ultimate performance.
The quality of Japanese hand planes varies significantly based on the blacksmith's skill, with high-end planes costing over $1,000, but suitable options are available at comparable prices to Western planes.
Understanding the differences between Japanese and Western planes, such as cutting direction and classification by blade width, is crucial for woodworkers considering adding Japanese planes to their toolkit.
The process of fitting and fettling a Japanese hand plane requires patience and attention to detail but provides a deeper connection to the woodworking process and improved results.

Japanese plane - Wikipedia

The Japanese plane, or kanna, is a traditional woodworking tool used in Japanese carpentry. Unlike Western planes, it is pulled towards the user rather than pushed. Japanese planes are made of hardwood and feature a laminated steel and iron blade that is stout and tapered, serving as its own wedge. The design includes a chip breaker held in place by a nail, and the soles have various configurations for different applications. There are several types of Japanese planes, including hira ganna for smoothing, kiwa ganna as a shoulder plane, mizo ganna for cutting grooves, and sori kanna for curved surfaces. Other types include dainaoshi ganna for planing other planes, yari ganna or spear-plane used in ancient temple carpentry, nankin kanna as a spokeshave, and tsuki kanna, a historical push-style kanna. The complexity of the Japanese plane's design is disguised by its apparent simplicity.

Key Takeaways

The unique design of Japanese planes allows for precise control and varied applications in woodworking, reflecting the sophistication of Japanese carpentry.
The introduction of chip breakers during the Meiji period indicates an evolution in the design of Japanese planes to improve their functionality.
The variety of Japanese plane types, each with specific uses, underscores the importance of these tools in traditional Japanese woodworking and carpentry.
The use of traditional materials and techniques in Japanese plane construction highlights the cultural significance of preserving traditional craftsmanship in modern times.

Japanese carpentry - Wikipedia

Japanese carpentry has been developed over a millennium and involves the construction of various structures such as temples, dwellings, and tea houses with minimal use of nails. There are four distinct carpentry professions: miyadaiku, sukiya-daiku, sashimono-shi, and tateguya. Japanese carpenters use specialized tools such as Japanese saws, planes, chisels, and gimlets, which are designed for precision and durability. The tools are made with high-quality steel and feature unique designs such as laminated blades and hollow backs. The carpentry techniques involve precise joinery and finishing, with an emphasis on aesthetics and durability. The traditional Japanese carpentry techniques and tools have been preserved and continue to be used in modern times.

Key Takeaways

The unique design of Japanese tools, such as the hollow back of chisels and planes, allows for precision and durability.
The use of high-quality steel and traditional manufacturing techniques enables Japanese carpenters to create fine surfaces and detailed work.
The four distinct carpentry professions in Japan specialize in different areas, such as temple construction, residential carpentry, furniture making, and interior finishing.
The traditional Japanese carpentry techniques and tools have been preserved and continue to be used in modern times, with many modern carpenters still using traditional methods and tools.

Edge jointing - Wikipedia

Edge jointing is the process of making the edge of a wooden board straight and true in preparation for subsequent operations, often ultimately leading to joining two or more components together. Traditionally, jointing was performed using a jointer plane, while modern techniques include the use of a jointer machine, a hand-held router and straight edge, or a table-mounted router. The desired outcome of jointing is typically an edge that is straight along its length and perpendicular to the face of the board. However, a technique called sprung jointing is used when gluing up panels, where the desired outcome is an edge that is slightly concave along its length. When two such edges are brought together and clamped, the sprung edges create greater tension at the ends of the join, assisting in creating a seamless joint. When using a hand plane to perform this operation, two boards are often clamped face to face in the vice and both jointed at once, creating two edges that are mirror images of one another. This method ensures that even if the edges are not perfectly perpendicular to their respective faces, when the two board edges are brought together, the result is a flat panel because the error in each edge cancels the other out.

Key Takeaways

The sprung joint technique used in edge jointing creates a seamless joint by generating greater tension at the ends of the join when two concave edges are clamped together.
Edge jointing can be performed using various tools and techniques, including traditional jointer planes, jointer machines, and routers with straight edges or table-mounted setups.
Jointing two boards simultaneously with a hand plane ensures that the resulting edges are mirror images, cancelling out any errors and resulting in a flat panel when joined.
The application of edge jointing extends beyond simple joining, as it can be used to create specific joint characteristics, such as the sprung joint, to achieve particular outcomes in woodworking projects.

Fore plane - Wikipedia

The fore plane is a type of woodworking bench plane used for preparing and flattening rough workpieces before using other planes. It is typically 18 inches long and is used to quickly remove material and level the workpiece. The fore plane is often used perpendicular and diagonally to the grain and is set to remove larger shavings. Historically, wooden-bodied fore planes were used, but metal-bodied and transitional planes were introduced in the 19th century. The fore plane has largely been replaced by machinery such as jointers and thicknessers in modern workshops. The name 'fore plane' dates back to at least the 17th century in Britain and was named because it would be used on a workpiece before other planes.

Key Takeaways

The fore plane's length and usage distinguish it from other planes like the jack plane and jointer plane.
The fore plane has been largely replaced by modern machinery in contemporary woodworking.
The historical development of fore planes includes a transition from wooden-bodied to metal-bodied and transitional planes in the 19th century.

Scrub plane - Wikipedia

The scrub plane is a type of hand plane used in woodworking to remove large amounts of wood from lumber surfaces, particularly for eliminating cup or twist in rough stock or reducing board thickness. It features a short sole, narrow but thick blade, wide mouth, and deeply curved edge. The tool is used in diagonal strokes across the board face, contrasting with most other bench planes that work along the grain. While largely replaced by power tools like thickness planers in modern woodworking, scrub planes remain useful for planing wide boards that cannot fit through a thickness planer. The typical workflow involves using the scrub plane followed by the jack plane, jointer plane, and then smoothing plane for stock preparation.

Key Takeaways

The scrub plane's unique characteristics, such as its deeply curved edge and wide mouth, enable it to make deep, gouging cuts in wood, making it ideal for removing significant amounts of material from rough lumber.
Despite being largely replaced by power tools in modern woodworking, the scrub plane retains practical applications, particularly for handling wide boards that are too large for thickness planers.
The use of a scrub plane is typically part of a multi-step process in preparing rough stock, involving subsequent use of other planes like the jack plane, jointer plane, and smoothing plane to achieve a finished surface.

Jack plane - Wikipedia

The jack plane is a versatile woodworking bench plane used for dressing timber down to size in preparation for truing and/or edge jointing. Typically 12-18 inches long and 2.5-3 inches wide, it is often the first plane used on rough stock, preceded only by the scrub plane for rougher work. The jack plane's blade is usually 1.25-2.25 inches wide and is often ground with a slight camber to allow for more material removal without marring the work. Historically, wooden jack planes were predominantly used until the end of the 19th century, after which iron-bodied planes became more common. The name 'jack plane' dates back to at least the 17th century and is associated with the term 'jack of all trades' due to its versatility in performing tasks of both smoothing and jointer planes. The jack plane is used after the scrub plane and before the fore plane or jointer plane and smoothing plane in preparing stock.

Key Takeaways

The jack plane's versatility and ability to rapidly remove stock make it a crucial tool in woodworking, often being the most common bench plane in use.
The use of jack planes involves planing across or diagonal to the grain before planing in the direction of the grain to roughly level the workpiece.
The transition from wooden to iron-bodied planes in the late 19th century significantly impacted the design and functionality of jack planes, with Leonard Bailey's patents playing a key role in this evolution.
The jack plane's adjustability allows it to perform tasks associated with both smoothing and jointer planes, particularly on smaller workpieces.
Despite the predominance of iron-bodied planes, vintage wooden planes remain in common use, and new wooden jack planes are still available from some manufacturers.

Jointer plane - Wikipedia

The jointer plane is a type of hand plane used in woodworking to straighten the edges of boards and flatten the faces of larger boards. It is typically 20 to 24 inches long and is used after the jack plane and before the smoothing plane in the process of preparing rough stock. The jointer plane's long length allows it to 'ride over' undulations on uneven surfaces, skimming off peaks to create a flatter surface. Originally made with wooden bodies, jointer planes have been largely superseded by metal-bodied planes since the late 19th century. The Stanley Bailey numbering system identifies #7 and #8 planes as jointer planes. The use of the jointer plane dates back to at least the 17th century, with other names such as try plane, trying plane, and trueing plane being used since the 19th century.

Key Takeaways

The jointer plane's length is crucial for its function, allowing it to smooth out uneven surfaces by riding over undulations.
The transition from wooden-bodied to metal-bodied jointer planes has impacted their usage, with metal-bodied planes being heavier and potentially more tiring to use.
The jointer plane is part of a sequence of planes used in woodworking, typically following the jack plane and preceding the smoothing plane.
The terminology surrounding the jointer plane has evolved over time, with various names being used across different centuries.
Understanding the historical context and development of the jointer plane can provide insights into its role in traditional woodworking practices.

Router plane - Wikipedia

A router plane is a specialized woodworking hand plane used to smooth out sunken panels and other depressions below the general surface of a workpiece. It is designed to plane the bottoms of recesses to a uniform depth and can work into corners that are difficult to reach with other tools. The router plane has been largely supplanted by electrical routers and shapers, but still retains limited application in certain woodworking tasks. The tool is also known by other names such as 'old woman's tooth' and 'Granny's tooth'. It is classified as a woodworking hand plane and is used for precise work in smoothing out recessed areas.

Key Takeaways

The router plane is a niche tool that remains relevant despite being largely replaced by power tools, offering precision in specific woodworking tasks.
Its ability to work into tight corners and smooth out recesses makes it a valuable asset for detailed woodworking work.
Understanding the router plane's capabilities can help woodworkers choose the right tool for tasks that require precision and control.

Rebate plane - Wikipedia

The rebate plane, also known as the rabbet plane, is a hand plane used for cutting rebates or rabbets in wood. It has a blade that protrudes slightly from the sides of the plane body to prevent binding and ensure a perpendicular cut. The plane typically features a depth stop and fence for gauging width and depth, as well as a spur to score the wood for cleaner corners. Rebate planes are designed for long grain cutting and are set up for quick material removal. Variations include the duplex rebate plane, which allows for cutting into corners. The tool has a long history, dating back to at least the 11th century in England.

Key Takeaways

The rebate plane's design features, such as the protruding blade and spur, enable precise and efficient cutting of rebates in wood.
The tool's versatility is enhanced by variations like the duplex rebate plane, which allows for different cutting configurations.
The rebate plane's historical significance and continued use in woodworking highlight its importance as a fundamental carpentry tool.
The specific design elements of the rebate plane, such as the depth stop and fence, demonstrate its focus on precision and control in woodworking applications.

Shoulder plane - Wikipedia

The shoulder plane is a specialized woodworking tool used for trimming the shoulders and faces of tenons, cleaning up dadoes, and other joinery tasks. It features a blade that extends to the full width of the tool and is set at a more acute angle than a rebate plane, allowing it to cut end grain effectively. The plane's design includes a fine mouth for taking finer shavings and a blade set square across the tool. Unlike rebate planes, shoulder planes are intended for cutting end grain and have distinct iron settings, including a face-down orientation and a bevel forming the edge uppermost.

Key Takeaways

The shoulder plane's unique design features, such as its blade angle and fine mouth, make it particularly suited for precise joinery tasks.
Its ability to cut end grain and trim into concave corners makes it an essential tool for woodworking projects requiring high precision.
The differences between shoulder planes and rebate planes highlight the importance of tool specialization in woodworking, with each type of plane optimized for specific tasks.

Smoothing plane - Wikipedia

A smoothing plane is a type of bench plane used in woodworking to produce a smooth finish on a workpiece. It is typically the last plane used on a wood surface, removing fine shavings to leave a smooth finish. The smoothing plane is the shortest of the bench planes, with lengths ranging from 5.5 to 10 inches. Historically, smoothing planes were made of wood, but metal-bodied planes became more common. The plane is used after other bench planes have flattened and trued the workpiece, and can be used to remove marks left by woodworking machinery. When used effectively, it produces a finish that equals or surpasses that made by sandpaper.

Key Takeaways

The smoothing plane is a crucial tool in woodworking for achieving a high-quality finish, and its effectiveness depends on proper use and setup.
The design of the smoothing plane, including its short length and rounded corners on the iron, allows for precise control and minimizes the risk of gouging or tearout.
The smoothing plane can be used as an 'all-round' bench tool, depending on how it is set up, making it a versatile tool in the woodworking process.
The historical development of smoothing planes shows a transition from wooden to metal-bodied planes, with vintage wooden planes still in use today.
The smoothing plane is typically used in conjunction with other bench planes, such as the jack, fore, and jointer planes, to achieve a smooth finish on a workpiece.

Block plane - Wikipedia

A block plane is a small metal-bodied woodworking hand plane used for cutting end grain and fine-tuning woodwork. It typically has a blade bedded at a lower angle than other planes, with the bevel up, and is designed to be used with one hand. Block planes vary in length from 3 to 7 inches and come in standard and low angle types. The tool originated in the 1860s to meet the demand for a plane that could be easily held in one hand while planing across the grain. It is commonly used for paring end grain, cleaning up components, chamfering, and removing glue lines. The block plane's shallow bed angle and ability to be held at an angle allow it to efficiently slice through end grain.

Key Takeaways

The block plane's unique design and low bed angle make it particularly effective for cutting end grain and fine-tuning woodwork.
The tool's versatility and range of applications, from paring end grain to chamfering and removing glue lines, make it a valuable asset in woodworking.
The historical context of the block plane's development highlights the evolving needs of woodworkers and the importance of specialized tools in the trade.

Plane (tool) - Wikipedia

A hand plane is a tool used for shaping wood by removing small shavings, utilizing muscle power to force the cutting blade over the wood surface. It is used to flatten, reduce thickness, and impart a smooth surface to rough lumber or timber. Hand planes have been used for thousands of years, with early examples found in ancient Rome and Egypt. Modern hand planes are made from wood, ductile iron, or bronze. Various types of hand planes exist, including block planes, smoothing planes, and jointer planes, each designed for specific tasks. The document also discusses the history, parts, and use of hand planes, as well as other related tools and machinery.

Key Takeaways

The evolution of hand planes has led to various types, each designed for specific tasks and materials, showcasing the tool's adaptability to different woodworking needs.
Understanding grain direction is crucial when planing wood to avoid tearout and achieve a smooth finish.
The development of power planers and other woodworking machinery has complemented hand planes, offering alternatives for larger tasks while still valuing the precision of manual tools.

Types of Wood Hand Planes

The document discusses various types of hand planes used in woodworking, including smoothing planes, jack planes, jointer planes, block planes, and specialty planes. It explains the characteristics, uses, and benefits of each type, providing detailed descriptions of their features and applications. Smoothing planes (No.1 to No.4-1/2) are used for smoothing wood surfaces before finishing. Jack planes (No.5 to No.6) are versatile and used for general planing tasks, such as shaving doors and jointing edges. Jointer planes (No.7) are the longest and heaviest, ideal for edge jointing and flattening surfaces. Block planes are used one-handed for tasks like chamfering and trimming. Specialty planes, such as the small chisel plane, shoulder plane, and router plane, are designed for specific tasks like trimming dowels and cutting shallow mortises. The document also includes expert advice on choosing the best hand plane for various woodworking tasks and projects.

Key Takeaways

The choice of hand plane depends on the specific woodworking task, with different types suited for smoothing, jointing, and trimming.
A low-angle block plane is particularly versatile and easier to use for many tasks, making it a recommended first purchase for woodworkers.
Understanding the design function and proper use of each hand plane type is crucial for effective woodworking, and sharpening the plane iron is essential for optimal performance.

That Chinese Plane Factory... | UK Workshop

The discussion revolves around Cixi City Qiangsheng Tools Co., Ltd, a Chinese factory producing hand planes and other woodworking tools sold under various brand names worldwide. Users share information about the factory's products, quality variations across different brands, and personal experiences with tools from different vendors. The factory's 'Luban' brand is mentioned, and users discuss the possibility of purchasing tools directly from the factory. Various brands associated with Qiangsheng Tools are identified, including Workshop Heaven, Rutlands, Woodcraft, and Dictum.

Key Takeaways

The quality of Qiangsheng Tools' products can vary significantly across different brands and vendors, despite originating from the same factory.
Purchasing tools directly from the factory could potentially offer better value by eliminating middlemen.
Users report generally positive experiences with tools from Qiangsheng Tools, noting good quality and value for money compared to premium brands like Lie-Nielsen and Veritas.

What's a good brand for an amateur woodworkers frst hand plane? : BeginnerWoodWorking

The document is a discussion thread on the subreddit r/BeginnerWoodWorking, where users share their experiences and recommendations for choosing hand planes as beginner woodworkers. The conversation revolves around the pros and cons of different brands, including Stanley, Veritas, and Lie-Nielsen, as well as the value of vintage planes. Users discuss the importance of sharpening and setting up hand planes, and share their personal preferences for specific types of planes.

Key Takeaways

The quality of modern hand planes varies, with some users recommending premium brands like Veritas and Lie-Nielsen for their out-of-the-box quality.
Vintage planes can be a cost-effective option, but require more work to restore and set up.
Sharpening is a crucial skill for woodworkers to master, regardless of the type of plane chosen.
The choice of hand plane depends on the individual's budget, woodworking goals, and personal preferences.

Frequently Asked Questions

How do the blade bedding angles and chip breaker configurations differ between Stanley Bailey planes and Japanese kanna, and what impact does this have on tearout control in figured woods?
What specific restoration techniques are required to bring a 1920s Stanley #5 jack plane to the performance level of a modern Lie-Nielsen, and what tools are needed for sole lapping and frog adjustment?
How do the different types of Japanese planes (Hira ganna, Kiwa ganna, Mizo ganna) compare functionally to Western specialty planes like shoulder planes, rabbet planes, and grooving planes?
What are the practical differences in daily use between the Woodriver plane preparation service described by Rob Cosman and the out-of-box readiness of Lie-Nielsen planes?
How does the hollow (ura) design in Japanese plane blades affect sharpening technique compared to the flat-back approach required for Western plane irons?
What specific quality indicators should someone look for when evaluating vintage Stanley planes from different Type periods, and how do these relate to the Stanley numbering system?
How do the cutting mechanics differ between bevel-up block planes and bevel-down bench planes when working end grain versus long grain?
What role do the different Chinese manufacturers (Qiangsheng/Quangsheng) play in the modern hand plane market, and how do their quality specifications vary between different Western distributors?